Protocol Constants#

This page provides a comprehensive reference for all constants, limits, and default values defined in the Dash Platform Protocol implementation (rs-dpp).

System Limits#

Maximum sizes and limits for various platform components.

Limit	Value	Description	Source
Max contract size	16,384 bytes (16 KiB)	Maximum serialized data contract	rs-platform-version
Max field value size	5,120 bytes (5 KiB)	Maximum single field value	rs-platform-version
Max document value depth	256 nested containers	Maximum nesting depth within a document property value (protocol version 13 and later; unbounded earlier)	rs-platform-version
Max state transition size	20,480 bytes (20 KiB)	Maximum serialized state transition	rs-platform-version
Max transitions in documents batch	1	Maximum transitions per batch state transition (document and token transitions counted together)	rs-platform-version
Withdrawals per block	4	Maximum withdrawal transactions per block	rs-platform-version
Retry signing expired withdrawals per block	1	Max expired withdrawal retries per block	rs-platform-version
Max withdrawal amount	50,000,000,000,000 credits	500 Dash maximum per withdrawal	rs-platform-version
Daily withdrawal limit	Protocol versions 8-13: 200,000,000,000,000 credits (2000 Dash) Protocol version 14+: 15% of the credits Platform held one day earlier, never below the max withdrawal amount (500 Dash)	The relative limit added in 5.0.0 is `max(day-old total × 15%, max withdrawal amount)` and has no fixed upper bound. Credit inflows recorded after the day-old snapshot (asset locks and epoch Core rewards) are added in full to this daily maximum, not to the base before the 15% is taken, so the remaining limit is `max(day-old total × 15%, 500 Dash) + inflows since the snapshot − withdrawals since the snapshot` (floored at zero) and counts net outflow (rs-drive). Until a full day of credit history is available after activation, the previous 2000-Dash limit remains in effect. Withdrawals must also fit the Core credit pool unlock limit below.	v8-v13, v14+
Core credit pool unlock limit	15% of Core’s credit pool balance at the window start, at least 150,000,000,000,000 credits (1500 Dash)	Added in 5.0.0. Platform pools a withdrawal only while Core’s credit pool would drop by at most this amount over the Core credit pool window, counting withdrawals already queued or broadcast but not yet completed. A stricter copy of Core v24’s unlock rule (20%, 2000-Dash floor), so Platform does not pool more than Core will mine	rs-platform-version
Core credit pool window	576 Core blocks (100 on regtest)	Added in 5.0.0. Window over which the Core credit pool unlock limit is measured (Core’s `CreditPoolPeriodBlocks`)	rs-platform-version
Max group member count	256	Maximum members of a change-control group defined in a data contract (renamed from `max_contract_group_size` in 5.0.0; unrelated to contract groups)	rs-platform-version
Max token redemption cycles	128	Maximum redemption cycles	rs-platform-version
Max contenders per contest	1,000	Added in 5.0.0. Maximum contenders a contested document vote poll accepts	rs-platform-version
Max shielded transition actions	16	Consensus cap on actions per shielded transition. The effective limit is 6: each action adds ~2,681 bytes to the transition (the 408-byte serialized action plus ~2,273 bytes of Halo 2 proof), so larger transitions exceed the max state transition size	rs-platform-version
Max time-range overlap factor	24	Added in 5.0.0. Maximum `range / step` for a timeRange index, so at most 24 windows overlap at any timestamp	rs-platform-version
Max time-range TTL	604,800 seconds (1 week)	Added in 5.0.0. Maximum `ttl` a timeRange index may declare	rs-platform-version
Min time-range TTL drop operations per write	32	Added in 5.0.0. Minimum expired-entry cleanup operations Drive performs on each write into a `ttl` index	rs-platform-version
Max time-range phase	31,536,000 seconds (365 days)	Added in 5.0.0. Maximum `phase` offset a timeRange index may declare	rs-dpp
Core dust relay fee	3,000 duffs/kB	Added in 5.0.0. Used to compute the Core dust threshold of a withdrawal’s output script (546 duffs for P2PKH). An expired withdrawal whose whole amount is below it is marked `FAILED` instead of being re-signed	rs-platform-version
Min GroveDB proof envelope version	1	Added in 5.0.0. Client-side proof verification policy, not a consensus rule: clients reject the legacy V0 proof envelope at every protocol version. Nodes have served V1 since protocol version 12	rs-drive
Max CBOR encoded length	16,384 bytes (16 KiB)	Maximum CBOR encoding size (defined as `MAX_ENCODED_KBYTE_LENGTH = 16` kibibytes)	rs-dpp
Contract deserialization limit	15,000	Maximum contract deserialization	rs-dpp

Credit System#

Credits are the unit of account for fees on Dash Platform. They are created from Dash locked on the Core blockchain.

Constant	Value	Description	Source
`CREDITS_PER_DUFF`	1,000	Credits created per duff (satoshi)	rs-dpp
`MAX_CREDITS`	9,223,372,036,854,775,807	Maximum credit value (i64::MAX)	rs-dpp

Conversion: 1 Dash = 100,000,000 duffs = 100,000,000,000 credits

Protocol Fees#

Base Processing#

These constants define the base costs for state transition processing.

Constant	Value (Credits)	Description	Source
`BASE_ST_PROCESSING_FEE`	10,000	Base state transition processing fee	rs-dpp
`DEFAULT_USER_TIP`	0	Default priority tip	rs-dpp
`STORAGE_CREDIT_PER_BYTE`	5,000	Storage cost per byte	rs-dpp
`PROCESSING_CREDIT_PER_BYTE`	12	Processing cost per byte	rs-dpp
`DELETE_BASE_PROCESSING_COST`	2,000	Base deletion cost	rs-dpp
`READ_BASE_PROCESSING_COST`	8,400	Base read cost	rs-dpp
`WRITE_BASE_PROCESSING_COST`	6,000	Base write cost	rs-dpp

State Transition Pricing#

These constants define minimum values required for a state transition to be considered valid.

State Transition	Min Fee (Credits)	Min Fee (Dash)	Source
Credit Transfer	100,000	0.000001	rs-platform-version
Credit Transfer to Addresses	500,000	0.000005	rs-platform-version
Credit Withdrawal	400,000,000	0.004	rs-platform-version
Identity Update	100,000	0.000001	rs-platform-version
Document Batch (per sub-transition)	100,000	0.000001	rs-platform-version
Contract Create	100,000	0.000001	rs-platform-version
Contract Update	100,000	0.000001	rs-platform-version
Masternode Vote	100,000	0.000001	rs-platform-version
Address Credit Withdrawal	400,000,000	0.004	rs-platform-version
Address Funds Transfer (per input)	500,000	0.000005	rs-platform-version
Address Funds Transfer (per output)	6,000,000	0.00006	rs-platform-version
Identity Create (base)	2,000,000	0.00002	rs-platform-version
Identity Key (per key at creation)	6,500,000	0.000065	rs-platform-version
Identity TopUp (base)	500,000	0.000005	rs-platform-version

Execution and Resource Pricing#

These fees meter execution and resource usage. They do not affect validity, but determine total cost.

Processing#

Fees for specific operations during state transition processing.

Operation	Fee (Credits)	Source
Fetch identity balance	10,000	rs-platform-version
Fetch identity revision	9,000	rs-platform-version
Fetch identity balance and revision	15,000	rs-platform-version
Fetch identity key by ID	9,000	rs-platform-version
Fetch identity token balance	10,000	rs-platform-version
Fetch prefunded specialized balance	10,000	rs-platform-version
Fetch key with type, nonce and balance	12,000	rs-platform-version
Fetch single identity key	10,000	rs-platform-version
Network threshold signing	100,000,000	rs-platform-version
Validate key structure	50	rs-platform-version

Storage#

Fees related to data storage operations.

Operation	Fee (Credits)	Source
Storage disk usage (per byte)	27,000	rs-platform-version
Storage processing (per byte)	400	rs-platform-version
Storage load (per byte)	20	rs-platform-version
Non-storage load (per byte)	10	rs-platform-version
Storage seek	2,000	rs-platform-version
TTL ephemeral disk usage (per byte)	270	Added in 5.0.0. Charged as processing for bytes written under a timeRange `ttl` index instead of the storage rate; not refunded on removal. rs-platform-version

Cryptographic Operations#

Signature Verification#

Fees for verifying different signature types.

Key Type	Verification Fee (Credits)	Source
ECDSA Secp256k1	15,000	rs-platform-version
BLS 12-381	300,000	rs-platform-version
ECDSA Hash160	15,500	rs-platform-version
BIP13 Script Hash	300,000	rs-platform-version
EdDSA 25519 Hash160	3,500	rs-platform-version

Hashing#

Fees for cryptographic hash operations.

Operation	Fee (Credits)	Source
Single SHA256 (base)	100	rs-platform-version
Blake3 (base)	100	rs-platform-version
SHA256 + RIPEMD160 (base)	6,000	rs-platform-version
SHA256 (per block)	5,000	rs-platform-version
Blake3 (per block)	300	rs-platform-version
RIPEMD160 (per block)	5,000	rs-platform-version
Sinsemilla (base)	40,000	rs-platform-version

Data Contract Validation#

Fees for validating data contract structure during state transition processing.

Fee Type	Amount (Credits)	Source
Document type base fee	500	rs-platform-version
Schema size fee (per byte)	10	rs-platform-version
Per property fee	40	rs-platform-version
Non-unique index base fee	50	rs-platform-version
Non-unique index per property fee	30	rs-platform-version
Unique index base fee	100	rs-platform-version
Unique index per property fee	60	rs-platform-version

Document TTL#

Added in version 5.0.0.

Documents of a type that declares a ttl are stored without a storage refund. Instead of the perpetual storage rate, each byte the document writes is priced by its remaining lifetime, and the document prepays the processing cost of its eventual deletion.

Fee	Amount (Credits)	Source
Lifetime up to 1 hour (per byte)	1	rs-platform-version
Lifetime up to 1 day (per byte)	4	rs-platform-version
Lifetime up to 2 days (per byte)	8	rs-platform-version
Lifetime up to 4 days (per byte)	15	rs-platform-version
Lifetime up to 7 days (per byte)	26	rs-platform-version
Longer lifetimes (per byte, per 788,400-second period spanned, rounded up)	34	rs-platform-version
Deletion prepayment (base)	1,200,000	rs-platform-version
Deletion prepayment (per index level)	400,000	rs-platform-version
Deletion prepayment (per document byte)	420	rs-platform-version

Document References#

Added in version 5.0.0.

Fee	Amount (Credits)	Description	Source
`chooseFirst` candidate	100,000	Charged per competing document a `refersTo` `chooseFirst` scan reads. Check tx requires the signer to hold the full budget (100,000 credits × max `chooseFirst` candidates) beyond the estimated fee, but only the scan actually performed is charged	rs-platform-version
`where` list element	100	Charged per list element a `refersTo` `where` entry reads	rs-platform-version

Shielded Fees#

Fees for the zero-knowledge compute and storage of shielded transitions that GroveDB metering does not price. The minimum shielded fee for a bundle of n actions is proof verification fee + n × per-action processing fee + n × storage bytes per action × (27,000 + 400), where 27,000 and 400 are the storage disk usage and storage processing rates per byte. Transitions that meter their storage instead charge only the compute portion (proof verification plus per-action processing).

Fee	Amount	Source
Proof verification (per bundle)	Updated in 5.0.0. Through protocol version 13: 100,000,000 credits Protocol version 14+: 40,000,000 credits	through v13, v14+
Processing (per action)	22,000,000 credits	through v13, v14+
Storage bytes (per action)	Updated in 5.0.0. Through protocol version 13: 344 bytes Protocol version 14+: 550 bytes	through v13, v14+

Voting#

Fees related to contested document voting.

Fee Type	Amount (Credits)	Amount (Dash)	Source
Contested document vote resolution fund	Updated in 5.0.0. Through protocol version 13: 20,000,000,000 Protocol version 14+: 10,000,000,000	0.2 0.1	through v13, v14+
Contested document unlock fund	400,000,000,000	4.0	rs-platform-version
Single vote cost	Updated in 5.0.0. Through protocol version 13: 10,000,000 Protocol version 14+: 2,000,000	0.0001 0.00002	through v13, v14+
Moderation election vote resolution fund	50,000,000,000	0.5	Added in 5.0.0. Paid by each application in a moderation team election. rs-platform-version

Added in 5.0.0. Starting in protocol version 14, the first 250 contenders of a contest pay the vote resolution fund, and the fund then doubles for every 50 additional contenders (twice the fund for the 251st to 300th contender, up to 32,768 times the fund for the 951st to 1,000th).

Identity Model#

Identity Limits#

Limit	Value	Description	Source
Max public keys per identity	15,000	Maximum keys an identity can have	rs-dpp
Max keys in creation	6	Keys allowed at identity creation	rs-platform-version
Identity nonce value filter	0xFFFFFFFFFF	40-bit nonce filter	rs-dpp
Max missing identity revisions	24	Maximum revision gaps	rs-dpp

Identity Create Fees#

Requirement	Value	Description	Source
Min asset lock balance	200,000 duffs	0.002 Dash minimum	rs-platform-version
Min top-up balance	50,000 duffs	0.0005 Dash minimum	rs-platform-version
Min address funding balance	50,000 duffs	0.0005 Dash minimum	rs-platform-version
Min identity funding amount	200,000 credits	Minimum for address-based creation	rs-platform-version
Max asset-lock transaction inputs	100	Maximum Core inputs in an asset-lock transaction used to fund an identity or top-up (introduced in protocol v3 to prevent stuck funds; v1/v2 had no effective limit)	rs-platform-version

Document & Data Contract Model#

Document and Index Limits#

Limit	Value	Description	Source
Max indexed string length	63 characters	Maximum indexable string	rs-dpp
Max indexed byte array length	255 bytes	Maximum indexable byte array	rs-dpp
Max index size	255 bytes	Maximum total index size	rs-dpp
Default hash size	32 bytes	Standard hash size	rs-dpp
Default float size	8 bytes	Standard float size	rs-dpp
Empty tree storage size	33 bytes	Storage for empty tree	rs-dpp
Storage flags size	2 bytes	Size of storage flags	rs-dpp
Contract version stamp size	5 bytes	Added in 5.0.0. Extra bytes document serialization format 3 adds to the estimated document size	rs-dpp

Document Type Limits#

Added in version 5.0.0.

Limits on the document type keywords added in protocol version 14, enforced when a data contract is registered or updated unless noted otherwise.

Limit	Value	Description	Source
Max typed array items	1,024	Maximum `maxItems` a typed array property may declare	rs-platform-version
Max indexed typed array items	16	Maximum `maxItems` of a typed array whose elements an index keys documents by	rs-platform-version
Max windowed indexed typed array items	4	Maximum `maxItems` of an indexed typed array when the same index also has a `timeRange` or `integerRange` window	rs-platform-version
Max index entries per document	256	Maximum index entries one document of a type with an indexed typed array can write across all of the type’s indexes	rs-platform-version
Max references per document	256	Maximum `refersTo` references one document of a type can carry. A typed array of references counts as its `maxItems`	rs-platform-version
Max reference operands	4	Maximum operands in one `refersTo` `anyOf` or `allOf` list	rs-platform-version
Max reference expression depth	4	Maximum nesting of `anyOf` / `allOf` combinators in a `refersTo` expression	rs-platform-version
Max `chooseFirst` candidates	1,000	Maximum competing documents a create reads for a `refersTo` `chooseFirst` (enforced when the document is created)	rs-platform-version
Max `chooseFirst` order properties	10	Maximum properties a `chooseFirst` orders commitments by (`by`)	rs-dpp
Max property constraints	16	Maximum `propertyConstraints` rules per document type	rs-platform-version
Max property constraint nodes	32	Maximum nodes (comparisons, operators, properties, and values) in one `propertyConstraints` rule	rs-platform-version
Max property constraint aggregates	4	Maximum distinct `countOf` and `sumOf` totals the `propertyConstraints` rules of one document type read	rs-platform-version
Min document TTL	3,600 seconds (1 hour)	Minimum `ttl` a document type may declare	rs-platform-version
Max document TTL	31,536,000 seconds (365 days)	Maximum `ttl` a document type may declare	rs-platform-version
Max document expirations per block	128	Maximum expired documents Platform deletes in one block; the rest wait for later blocks, oldest first	rs-platform-version
Max document expiration weight per block	1,024	Maximum expiry cleanup work per block, where each deleted document weighs 1 plus the weighted index levels of its type	rs-platform-version
Max contested summed value magnitude	134,217,728 (2^27)	A summed property of a document type with a contested index must declare a `maximum` and `minimum` within ±2^27	rs-platform-version
Max expiring signed summed value magnitude	134,217,728 (2^27)	A summed property that may be negative, on a document type with a `ttl`, must declare a `maximum` and `minimum` within ±2^27	rs-platform-version

Contract Groups and Moderation#

Added in version 5.0.0.

Limit	Value	Description	Source
Max contract group memberships per contract	16	Maximum contract group memberships a data contract create transition may declare	rs-platform-version
Max contract group admins	16	Maximum admins a contract group may name besides its owner	rs-platform-version
Max contract group name length	64 characters	Maximum length of a contract group name	rs-platform-version
Max contract group description length	256 characters	Maximum length of a contract group description	rs-platform-version
Max contract moderators	16	Maximum moderator identities a moderated data contract may name (the owner counts when named)	rs-platform-version
Max suspension end time	9,007,199,254,740,991 ms (2^53 - 1)	Latest block time a contract suspension may run until	rs-platform-version
Max moderation reason length	1,024 bytes	Maximum UTF-8 length of the text of a ban, suspension, warning, or moderator document deletion reason	rs-platform-version
Max warnings per identity	16	Maximum warnings one identity may carry on a contract at a time	rs-platform-version
Max moderation reason documents	16	Maximum documents a moderation reason may cite	rs-platform-version
Election window (join and vote)	Min: 86,400 seconds (1 day) on mainnet, none on other networks Max: 2,419,200 seconds (4 weeks)	Bounds on the join window and vote window of an elected moderation team declaration	rs-platform-version
Default election window	604,800 seconds (1 week)	Join window and vote window of an elected moderation team declaration that omits them	rs-dpp
Challenge cool-down	Min: 1,209,600 seconds (2 weeks) Max: 94,608,000 seconds (3 years)	Bounds on how long a seated moderation team is safe from a challenge after a seat change	rs-platform-version
Document restore window	604,800,000 ms (7 days)	How long after a moderator deletes a document the contract’s moderators may restore it	rs-platform-version
Max added moderators	15	Maximum members an elected moderation declaration may let a seated team’s leader add (`maxAddedModerators`)	rs-platform-version
Max charter elected members	15	Maximum members a moderation charter elects besides its leader	rs-platform-version

Data Contract Constants#

Constant	Value	Description	Source
Initial contract version	1	Starting version number	rs-dpp

Data Contract Registration Fees#

One-time fees for registering data contracts and their components.

Component	Fee (Credits)	Fee (Dash)	Source
Base contract registration	10,000,000,000	0.1	rs-platform-version
Document type registration	2,000,000,000	0.02	rs-platform-version
Non-unique index registration	1,000,000,000	0.01	rs-platform-version
Unique index registration	1,000,000,000	0.01	rs-platform-version
Contested index registration	100,000,000,000	1.0	rs-platform-version
Token registration	10,000,000,000	0.1	rs-platform-version
Token perpetual distribution	10,000,000,000	0.1	rs-platform-version
Token pre-programmed distribution	10,000,000,000	0.1	rs-platform-version
Token once-per-identity distribution	Updated in 5.0.0. Through protocol version 13: 0 Protocol version 14+: 10,000,000,000	0 0.1	through v13, v14+
Search keyword (per keyword)	10,000,000,000	0.1	rs-platform-version

Tokens#

Tokens are defined within data contracts and share the same lifecycle, versioning, and validation model as documents.

Token Limits#

Limit	Value	Description	Source
Max token note length	2,048 bytes	Maximum note/memo length	rs-dpp
Max token pool notes for outgoing	250	Added in 5.0.0. Highest `minimumPoolNotesForOutgoing` a token configuration may set for its shielded pool	rs-platform-version
Max evonode reward claim epochs	100	Added in 5.0.0. Maximum finalized epochs one `EvonodesByParticipation` perpetual distribution claim reads, unless a single distribution cycle spans more. An evonode further behind is paid over several claims	rs-platform-version

Token Distribution Function Limits#

These limits apply to token perpetual distribution function parameters.

Parameter	Min	Max	Source
`MAX_DISTRIBUTION_PARAM`	1	281,474,976,710,655 (2^48 - 1)	rs-dpp
`MAX_DISTRIBUTION_CYCLES_PARAM`	1	32,767 (2^(63-48) - 1)	rs-dpp
Linear slope A	-255	256	rs-dpp
Polynomial M	-8	8	rs-dpp
Polynomial N	0	32	rs-dpp
Polynomial A	-255	256	rs-dpp
Log A	-32,766	32,767	rs-dpp
Exponential A	1	256	rs-dpp
Exponential M	-8	8	rs-dpp
Exponential N	0	32	rs-dpp
Default step decreasing max cycles	128	128	rs-dpp

Address System#

Added in version 3.0.0.

Address Constants#

Constant	Value	Description	Source
Address hash size	20 bytes	Size of address hash	rs-dpp
Platform HRP (mainnet)	“dash”	Human-readable prefix	rs-dpp
Platform HRP (non-mainnet)	“tdash”	Human-readable prefix used for testnet, devnet, and regtest	rs-dpp
P2PKH address type (bech32m)	0xb0 (176)	Pay-to-public-key-hash bech32m encoding type byte	rs-dpp
P2SH address type (bech32m)	0x80 (128)	Pay-to-script-hash bech32m encoding type byte	rs-dpp

Transaction Limits#

Limit	Value	Description	Source
Min output amount	500,000 credits	Minimum output per address	rs-platform-version
Min input amount	100,000 credits	Minimum input per address	rs-platform-version
Max fee strategies	4	Maximum fee strategy steps	rs-platform-version
Max address inputs	16	Maximum input addresses per address-based transition	rs-platform-version
Max address outputs	128	Maximum output addresses per address-based transition	rs-platform-version
Max asset lock transaction inputs	100	Maximum L1 transaction inputs in an asset lock proof	rs-platform-version

Epoch and Time Constants#

Constant	Value	Description	Source
Genesis epoch index	0	First epoch number	rs-dpp
Perpetual storage eras	50	Number of storage eras (~50 years)	rs-dpp
Default epochs per era	40	Epochs in each era (~1 year)	rs-dpp
Epoch key offset	256	Offset for epoch keys	rs-dpp
Max epoch	65,279	Maximum epoch number (u16::MAX - 256)	rs-dpp

Refund Constants#

Constant	Value	Description	Source
Min refund limit	32 bytes	Minimum bytes for refund	rs-dpp

Withdrawal Constants#

Constant	Value	Description	Source
Min withdrawal amount	1,000,000 credits	1,000 duffs minimum per withdrawal (protocol version 12 and later; raised from 190,000 credits in earlier versions). Starting in protocol version 14, the Core transaction fee is deducted from the withdrawn amount, so a withdrawal must be at least this minimum plus the Core fee (190-byte asset unlock transaction × `coreFeePerByte` × 1,000 credits)	rs-platform-version
Min core fee per byte	1	Must be Fibonacci number	rs-dpp
Max core fee per byte	6,765	Added in 5.0.0. Highest `coreFeePerByte` a withdrawal may set (protocol version 14 and later; uncapped earlier)	rs-platform-version

Protocol Constants#

System Limits#

Credit System#

Protocol Fees#

Base Processing#

State Transition Pricing#

Execution and Resource Pricing#

Processing#

Storage#

Cryptographic Operations#

Signature Verification#

Hashing#

Data Contract Validation#

Document TTL#

Document References#

Shielded Fees#

Voting#

Identity Model#

Identity Limits#

Identity Create Fees#

Document & Data Contract Model#

Document and Index Limits#

Document Type Limits#

Contract Groups and Moderation#

Data Contract Constants#

Data Contract Registration Fees#

Tokens#

Token Limits#

Token Distribution Function Limits#

Address System#

Address Constants#

Transaction Limits#

Epoch and Time Constants#

Refund Constants#

Withdrawal Constants#

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